I decide to realise a litle manual for this great Software (thank's to Programmers !)
(I try to do my best to explain how to do difficul think in first ...)
especialy thinks that was hard for me to find how they work

By the way, if you want this software go there : Classic Ladder's home page

So here we go !

Table of Contents :

1. Sequential Function Chart (Grafcet)

2. Ladder chart
3. Section













1. Sequential Function Chart (Grafcet)

1.0.1 An introduction to Grafcet :

Mainly historical, external link here.

1.0.2 The 5 rules :

• Rule 1 : Initial situation
  The initial situation is characterized by the initial steps which are by definition in the active state at the beginning of the operation.There shall be at least one initial step.
• Rule 2 : R2, Clearing of a transition
  A transition is either enabled or disabled. It is said to be enabled when all immediately preceding steps linked to its corresponding transition symbol are active, otherwise it is disabled. A transition cannot be cleared unless: it is enabled, and its associated transition condition is true.
• Rule 3 : R3, Evolution of active steps
  The clearing of a transition simultaneously leads to the active state of the immediately following step(s) and to the inactive state of the immediately preceding step(s).
• Rule 4 : R4, Simultaneous clearing of transitions
  All simultaneous cleared transitions are simultaneously cleared.
• Rule 5 : R5, Simultaneous activation and desactivation of a step
  If during operation, a step is simultaneously actived and desactived, priority is given to the activation.

1.1 Action Box :

Ordinary step Initial Step Transition Step followed by one transition Link between transitions upside Link between transitions downside Pass trought in same times up Pass trought in same times down Link between transition and step not adjacent Select an action or a transition To erase an action or a transition

1.1.1 Ordinary Step : 

Nothing special to say : a simple step : click on it and put it where you want !
Note : Each step must have an unique step number

1.1.2 Primary step :

The fisrt step with wich you must  begin your graphcet.
 
1.1.3 Transition :

Has the condition that must be active to be able to pass through

1.1.4 Step & transisiton :

A couple of step and transition : usefull for making a  rapid drawing.

1.1.5 Link between transitions up : Howto split transition upside

Usage : use this tools  : 

		1. select first transition 2. select second transition
Before	In Progress	Howto do	Job finished

1.1.6 Link between transitions down : Howto split transition downside

Usage : use this tools  : 

		1. select first transition 2. select second transition
Before	In Progress	Howto do	Job finished

1.1.7 Pass through in same times up : Howto do multi-column (upside): parallels steps

Usage : use this tools  : 

		1. select first step 2. select second step
Before	In Progress	Howto do	Job finished

1.1.8 Pass through in same times down : Howto do multi-column (downside): parallels steps

Usage : use this tools  :

		1. select first step 2. selecte second step
Before	In Progress	Howto do	Job finished

1.1.9 Link : howto link a step whith a transition not directly adjacent

Usefull to make your Graphcet loop back to the first step.

Usage : use this tools  :
   

		1. Select Step 2. Select Transition
Before	In progress	Howto do	Job finished

1.1.10 Select an element :

Allow to select a step or transition for which you want to modify its step number or the condition associated to the transition.

1.1.11 To erase an element :

To delete a step or a transition by then clicking on it.

1.2 Variables for the grafcet :

Xy : Step activity of step number y
Xy,V: Time since the step y is activated
This variables can be used in a rungs section to do the action needed.
Example: if step 4 or step 8 are activated => motor 2 on !

1.3 Howto do my first grafcet :

Todo ...

présenter une organisation type pour un grafcet:
* une section "preliminaries" en ladder pour mettre à jour les conditions
* une section grafcet
* une section "subsequent" (postérieur en français) pour piloter les actions 
(notamment "ou"/"et" entre plusieurs étapes actives)

2. Ladder chart :

2.1 Action Box :

Normally opened Contact (Load instruction) Normally opend Coil (OutBar instruction) Normally closed Contact (LoadBar instruction) Normally closed Coil (OutBar instruction) Contact rising edge Set Coil Contact falling edge Reset coil Simple vertical link Jump Coil (Jump instruction) Simple horizontal link Call Coil (Call instruction) Multi harizontals links Operate Compare   Select an action or a transition Timer To erase an action or a transition Monostable

2.1.1 Normally opened contact :

This is the main INPUT contact of the ladder chart, you can use contact as :

1. input entrie                                    I[0...]
2. output entrie                                 Q[0...]
3. internal memory                            B[0...]
   
4. attributes timer's name                T[0...]
   
5. attributes manostable's name      T[0...]
   
6. Step's name (grafcet)                    X[0...]
7. ... (in fact any variables used in your chart)
   

		1. Put the desired contact's name 2. Press Enter OR Click on Validate button
Place the contact where you want	Select the properties box	Howto ...	Job finished

Note : you can change the contact's name after with this tools .


2.1.2 Normally closed contact :

idem as Normally opened contact ;-)

		1. Put the desired contact's name 2. Press Enter OR Click on Validate button
Place the contact where you want	Select the properties box	Howto ...	Job finished

2.1.3 Contact inc :

This contact send an impulsed signal when the contact passe from the state opened to the state closed.

Howto use it : idem as Normally opened contact, ...

Note : The signal is active during a cycle time execution.

2.1.4 Contact dec :

This contact send an impulsed signal when the contact passe from the state closed to the state opened.

Howto use it : idem as Normally opened contact, ...

Note : The signal is active during a cycle time execution.

2.1.5 Simple vertical link :

You must use it to link Contact and Coil  together, like this :


2.1.6 Simple horizontal link :

Used to link and upper line and a lower one together, like this :





2.1.7 Multi horizontals links :

An autocompleted horizontals links  ->  really usefull !

2.1.8 Compare :

Play the same role as contact, it's function is operate a comparing between vars (or literals)
if the comparaison's result is true then the compare function is like a closed contact otherwise a opened one.

Operation permitted :

Operation	What it does	Example
X > Y	X greater than Y	W1>127
X >= Y	X greater or egale than Y	W1>=127
X <  Y	X leaster than Y	W0<127
X & Y	AND function (mask function)	W0&15<=7
X | Y	OR function	W0|15<55
X + Y	minus function	W0+15<55
X - Y	plus function	W0-15<55
ABS(Y)	Absolute function
MINI(X)	Minimum function
MAXI(X)	Maximum function
MOY(X)	Mean function

Important  :
- No Space between Var_name or Operand  !
- You must put one of this operand ( >, <, <=, >=), this is a compare function !
  if you want an operation fonction have a look here

2.1.9 Timer :

Timers are composed of one Input : I , two Output D and R

Setting up with :  Number, Base and Preset 

Working Schema :
Input I = 0	Input I = 1 Output R = 1 until end of countdown	Input I = 1 Output R = 0 Output D = 1 countdown finished !

Note : If Input I fall to 0 before the end of countdown, the timer's counter is reset to Preset Value.

2.1.10 Monostable :

Monostables are composed of on input I and one output R

Working Schema :

When the monostable receive a 1 (impulse or constant, the input is impulsed ),
the output R is set to one until the end of countdown.

Note : - The monostable don't stop is countdown if I fall at zero.
           - If you put a constant 1, you have to stop it to reset the monostable.
          
2.1.11 Normally opened Coil :

This is the main OUTPUT actioner of the ladder chart, you can use contact as :

1. output entrie               Q[0...]
2. internal memory          B[0...]
   
3. Others things ?

2.1.12 Normally closed Coil :

Same as previous one, but work in the inverse way (need more detail ?)

2.1.13 Set Coil :

Same as normal Coil, but you can only SET an output.

2.1.14 Reset coil :

Same as normal coil, but you can only RESET an output.

2.1.15 Jump Coil :

Jump Coil is a particular Coil, it comes from PC's programming world

Main Goal :  Jump to a subroutine created in the Section manager,
                     without this call the subroutine won't be executed by the CPU


2.1.16 Call Coil :

Call Coil is a particular Coil too, it comes also from PC's programing world.

Main Goal :  Call a subroutine created in the Section manager,
                     without this call the subroutine won't be checked by the CPU
 
2.1.17 Operate :

Usage : use this tools :

		1. select the thirds case from right in any line 2. write the desired expression
Click !	Case placed	Howto do	Job finished

See here for permited operation.

2.1.18 Select an element :

Allow to select a step or transition for which you want to modify its step number or the condition associated to the transition.

2.1.19 To erase an element :

To delete a step or a transition by then clicking on it.


3. Section :


Todo ...

* 2 type de languages pour les sections : grafcet/ladder
* importance de l'ordre d'affichage déterminant l'ordre d'exécution (du haut 
vers les bas)
* possibilités de réaliser des sous-programmes avec une section

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